Skip to main content
Home Trust › Methodology

How ValiFit Scores Towns & Properties

Every score on ValiFit is built from federal data and a single principle: infrastructure investment, not outcomes. We measure what each town spends and provides — not the demographics of who lives there.

The 8 composites

Each town and property gets percentile-ranked scores in eight composites. Every composite cites a federal data source and uses a defensible formula:

Budget Affordability
Formula: Multi-loan reach × DTI feasibility
Sources: HUD FHA Limits + CFPB Qualified Mortgage rule + IRS property-tax filings
Source explainer →
Commute
Formula: Haversine distance to user-set commute targets, frequency-weighted
Sources: OpenStreetMap + Census ACS commute time
Appreciation
Formula: 5-year price growth percentile within metro cohort
Sources: FHFA House Price Index (repeat-sales) + Redfin tract-level (50 states)
Education ROI
Formula: Graduation rate ÷ per-pupil spending — outcome per dollar
Sources: NCES F-33 (per-pupil $) + EdFacts ACGR (graduation rate) + TIGER school district boundaries
Source explainer →
Environment Safety
Formula: Spatial PIP risk overlay, percentile-ranked
Sources: FEMA NFHL flood zones + FEMA NFIP claims + EPA contamination + Radon zones
Source explainer →
Safety Infrastructure
Formula: Officers/firefighters per 1,000 residents ÷ violent crimes per 1,000
Sources: FBI UCR + HHS HIFLD fire/EMS + NFPA 1710/1720 standards
Source explainer →
Health Infrastructure
Formula: Hospital coverage within CMS service radii (25-35mi), CMS-star weighted
Sources: HHS HIFLD hospitals (8.5K) + CMS quality + HRSA HPSA shortage areas
Source explainer →
Livability
Formula: POI density within walkable radii, frequency-weighted
Sources: Overture Maps Foundation Places (16.78M POIs) + GTFS transit
Source explainer →

Why ValiFit is FHA-safe

The Fair Housing Act and Equal Credit Opportunity Act prohibit steering buyers away from neighborhoods based on demographic composition. Many real-estate scoring systems indirectly do this by including outcome metrics that are downstream of historic discrimination (school test scores, crime statistics in neighborhoods of color).

ValiFit uses infrastructure investment as the primary signal — what does this town spend on each composite? — rather than outcomes. A district with high per-pupil spending and good graduation rates scores well; a district with low spending scores poorly regardless of who lives there.

What we don't use
  • Race, ethnicity, or national-origin demographics in scoring
  • Religion in scoring
  • Family-status (children) penalties
  • Disability data in scoring
  • SAT/test-score-only school rankings (we use grad rate ÷ spending)
  • Pure crime-rate rankings (we use officer ratios + service density)

The mirror principle

ValiFit reports the data — we don't penalize, promote, or interpret. Every score, ranking, and number on this site comes directly from a federal source we can cite by URL. Our job is to align the mirror; the user's job is to look in it and decide what matters to them.

If a town has 6 hospitals within 35 miles, we say so — we don't rank it higher because we think hospitals should matter to you. If a school spends $24K per pupil with a 92% graduation rate, we surface those facts; you decide whether that's right for your family.

Data refresh cadence

  • Daily: active listings, mortgage rates
  • Monthly: NFIP claims, HRSA HPSA designations, Overture Maps refresh, Building Permits Survey
  • Quarterly: CMS Hospital Quality, HHS HIFLD, BLS QCEW employment, FHFA HPI
  • Biennial: CRDC discipline data (every 2 years per federal cycle)
  • Annual: NCES F-33, EdFacts ACGR, FBI UCR, FHA loan limits, BEA personal income

Known limitations

  • School scoring is district-level, not per-school. A great elementary inside an average district will inherit the district score; the per-school detail is on the school's entity page.
  • Some federal datasets refresh annually or longer (NCES F-33 lags ~18 months from school year). We display the data year on each composite.
  • Overture Maps POI completeness varies by city. Top-25 metros are typically >95% complete; rural counties may be 70-85%.
  • FBI UCR is voluntary. ~12% of agencies don't report; we use county or state averages as fallback.